Recent archaeological discoveries across Europe are providing new insights into prehistoric human and animal activity, with researchers uncovering evidence spanning tens of thousands of years.

Scientists have identified what they believe to be evidence of Neanderthal tool-making behavior through analysis of ancient turtle shell fragments. The researchers found cut marks on pond turtle shell pieces dating back approximately 125,000 years, suggesting Neanderthals may have processed these shells into functional tools such as ladles and scoops.

Separately, archaeologists working at a cave site beneath a Welsh castle have discovered what they describe as extremely rare prehistoric animal remains. The excavation has uncovered bones from hippos and mammoths, providing evidence of the diverse megafauna that once inhabited the region.

The Welsh cave site has also yielded evidence of early human presence alongside the animal remains, though specific details about the nature and age of the human artifacts have not been fully disclosed by the research team.

Both discoveries contribute to the growing understanding of prehistoric life in Europe, offering glimpses into the behavior of early human species and the environmental conditions they encountered. The turtle shell findings particularly add to knowledge about Neanderthal cognitive abilities and their capacity for tool innovation using available natural materials.